Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms typically develop over time, rather than suddenly. The disease can be debilitating and sometimes can lead to life-threatening complications. Understanding its symptoms is crucial for early detection and treatment.
Abdominal Pain and Cramping
One of the most common symptoms of ulcerative colitis is a recurring pain or cramping in the abdomen. This discomfort is typically located in the lower-left part of the abdomen and may be associated with bloating or feelings of pressure. The pain intensity can vary from mild to severe and can be continuous or intermittent.
Diarrhea with Blood or Pus
Another common symptom is persistent diarrhea, which may contain blood, pus, or mucus. The stool might be loose and watery and the urgency to defecate can be severe. This symptom can be uncomfortable and potentially embarrassing, causing significant distress to the individual.
Fatigue and Weight Loss
Ulcerative colitis can cause fatigue and weight loss. The inflammation and ulceration of the colon can lead to a loss of appetite and a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food, resulting in weight loss. The body’s effort to fight inflammation can also lead to fatigue.
Fever and Night Sweats
In severe cases, ulcerative colitis can cause symptoms like fever and distressing night sweats. These unpleasant symptoms result from the body's robust immune response to ongoing inflammation. Fever, in particular, can also indicate other potential complications, such as a serious infection, and hence should never be overlooked or dismissed.
Rectal Pain and Bleeding
Rectal pain is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis. This pain may be associated with an intense urge to defecate, even when the bowel is empty. Rectal bleeding, visible as bright red blood in the stool or toilet paper, is also a prominent symptom.
Joint Pain and Skin Lesions
Although less common, ulcerative colitis can also cause symptoms outside the digestive tract. Joint pain, particularly in the large joints, can occur. Skin problems, such as rashes or ulcers, can also develop. Conclusion: The symptoms of ulcerative colitis can significantly impact a person's quality of life. They can vary in severity and duration, and they may come and go, with periods of remission interspersed with flare-ups. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.