Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune condition that results in the overproduction of skin cells. Manifesting as patches of abnormal skin, the areas affected are typically red, itchy, and scaly. Though there's no definitive cure for psoriasis, various treatments can help control the symptoms. This article explores the most common treatments for psoriasis, providing insight into how they work and their potential side effects.
Topical Treatments
Topical treatments, applied directly to the skin, are usually the first line of defense in managing psoriasis. They include corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, anthralin, topical retinoids, calcineurin inhibitors, salicylic acid, coal tar, and moisturizers. Topical corticosteroids, for instance, reduce inflammation and relieve itching. However, potential side effects such as skin thinning and stretch marks necessitate careful usage.
Light Therapy
Also known as phototherapy, light therapy involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision. The treatment slows skin cell turnover, reducing scaling and inflammation. There are several types of light therapy, including UVB phototherapy, psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA), and excimer laser. While effective, light therapy may increase the risk of skin cancer and other side effects like burns.
Systemics
Systemics are medications taken orally or by injection that affect the entire body. They are usually used for individuals with moderate to severe psoriasis or those unresponsive to other treatments. Examples include methotrexate, cyclosporine, and retinoids. While systemics can be highly effective, they come with potential side effects including liver damage and decreased immune function.
Biologics
Biologics are protein-based drugs derived from living cells. They target specific parts of the immune system that are overactive in psoriasis. Biologics are typically used for moderate to severe psoriasis and include drugs such as etanercept, infliximab, and ustekinumab. While biologics can be highly effective, they also carry the risk of serious side effects like infections.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle changes can significantly impact psoriasis severity. These may involve reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and managing psoriasis triggers. Diet also plays a key role – certain foods can trigger inflammation, while others can help reduce it. Regular exercise can also help to alleviate symptoms.