Cataracts are a common eye condition that primarily affects individuals over the age of 40. This condition occurs when the lens, a small transparent disc inside your eye, becomes cloudy. This results in blurry vision and difficulty seeing. Understanding the causes and symptoms of cataracts can help individuals identify the problem early and seek necessary treatment.

Understanding Cataracts

Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness globally. They are characterized by the clouding of the lens in the eye, which affects vision. Cataracts usually develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms often are not noticeable in the early stages but become apparent as the cataract grows larger.

Causes of Cataracts

The primary cause of cataracts is aging. As we age, the protein in our eyes can clump together, forming a cloud on the lens. This is a natural process and can be exacerbated by certain risk factors. These include diabetes, obesity, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and excessive alcohol consumption. It's also worth noting that cataracts can be hereditary, so individuals with a family history of the condition are at higher risk.

Symptoms of Cataracts

The symptoms of cataracts can vary depending on the type and the stage of the condition. However, common symptoms include blurred or hazy vision, sensitivity to light, difficulty seeing at night, seeing 'halos' around lights, frequent changes in eyeglass prescription, and fading or yellowing of colors. Some people may experience double vision in the affected eye.

Types of Cataracts

There are three primary types of cataracts: nuclear sclerotic, cortical, and posterior subcapsular. Nuclear sclerotic, the most common type, is associated with aging. Cortical cataracts are characterized by white opacities, or cloudy areas, in the peripheral lens cortex, while posterior subcapsular cataracts form at the back of the lens and can progress rapidly.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Cataracts are typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam that includes a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and tonometry. The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery, which involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial one. It's a common and generally safe procedure that can significantly improve vision.

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